Nathalia Melecio
May 19th, 2025
ENG 20100
Professor Meaks
PORTFOLIO
Table Of Contents
Self- Assessment Essay……………………………………………………………………… 4
Community Essay……………………………………………………………………………8
Op-Ed Essay……….……………………………………………………………………….. 13
In-Class Essay,………………………………….…………………………………………. 17
Conference Paper………..…………………………………………………………………..20
Blog Post: Dickey’s Chapter …….…………………………………………………………. 29
Blog Post for Community essay……………………………………………………………. 31
Blog Post: The Husband Stitch.………….………………………………………………… 34
Blog Post reflection on ‘Inventory’……………………………………………………………………………..36
Blog Post in ‘Eight Bites’…………………………………………………………………………………………..38
Blog Post on Op-Ed…………………………………………………………………………40
Blog Post: Reflection on In-Class Essay……………………………………………………42
Blog Post about an album…………………………………………………………………..44
Nathalia Melecio
May 13, 2025
ENG 20100
Professor Meaks
Self Assessment Essay
During my freshman year in college, I learned and observed a variety of topics regarding language and literacy. I was exposed to the work and opinions of various scholars, writers; exchanging thoughts with classmates as well. Compared to my first writing course, I was first getting familiarized with writing itself, specially in higher education settings, where writing is meant to be eloquent, thoughtful, explicit; and those were the characteristics I am actively working to incorporate. During my 2nd semester I learned more about intention within writing, not only to communicate purpose and self-conviction, but to achieve a great incorporation in writing style that could be contributed to a unique style of writing to the writer themselves, such as James Baldwin or Maya Angelou where their writing is quite characteristic of their persona because of their unique textual arrangement, word selection and flow. Which made reflect upon the importance of textual characterization, in all types of writings, valuing the unique offering from the author when taking in consideration their approximations, experiences and knowledge in relation to the main subject.
One subject that stayed relevant regarding writing styles within the English language in the United States, was the different variations of English in the country as a result of its diverse population, and cultural adaption. Highlighting one’s capability to perform linguistic arrangement based on one’s expression and ethnic background, in a different linguistic environment. Drawing a bigger connection towards the concept of “Standard English” or ‘ fundamentals and accepting structures or ways of writing’ and its inherent exclusivity towards other variations such as AAVE, Native American English, Asian English and others.., not only because of their proximity with whiteness, but it’s inaccurate representation on the linguistic usage and culture among people living in the United States. One document that was reviewed during the course that addresses this phenomenon pretty well is “Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? by James Baldwin,” wrote in the late 1900s during the Civil Right Movement Era when themes of race, identity and education were essential to the political climate on this time, the motivation behind this paper was the general discredit the utilization and existence of Black English, along with social prejudice and exclusion in educational setting, where James Baldwin argues that AAVE it’s in fact a language, not a dialect with a congruent dramatic structure, emphasizing how communities develop their own language in order to describe their lived experiences, where in the African American community it developed out of necessity in a context of oppression, slavery and segregation, reflecting in the condition of life, history of the people who speak it in comparison to the atmosphere, settings, and limited linguistic ranges, and the lack of acknowledgement towards black identity and literacy, where the use of language also asserts their power and political identity. At the same time providing an understatement of how cultural dominance and diversification are enforced through grammar, and structures of communication. As I reflect on my notes
Explaining how the misrepresentation of AAVE is a lack of acknowledgement of black expression. Which allows to draw connections to the direct relationship between communities, experiences based on their relation with surroundings, and formation of language, meaning language is also mutable, a raw result of self-expression.
Simultaneously, enforcing to mirror one’s identity and recognize oneself with grammar, general language usage, in order to provide more of an authentic work, expressive writing where language is not fixed, neither neutral, but rather a dynamic manifestation.
Another literary review on the course that embodies pretty well the appropriation of language and word usage to convey one’s experiences and beliefs is “Her Body and Other Parts, by Maria Machado,” particularly in her first collection, ‘The Husband Stitch.’ Which makes reference to an old urban legend ‘The girl with Green Ribbon,’ where the main plot is that the ribbon in the girl’s neck is meant to keep her head attached to her body in both stories about a young woman who wears a ribbon around her neck and refuses to reveal why, to her husband who is pretty insistent about it . In the original story the use of language and symbolism describes a scary tale, while machado references attitudes forced upon women that consume and violate their autonomy, power dynamics within gender roles..Etc.
Furthermore, the ribbon represents a sense of ownership illustrating how under a patriarchal system acts of resistance or purpose from women are often dismissive or repressed.
The feedback and general subjects review in class allowed me to get more familiar with linguistic expression and use of lenguaje, through different writing genres and styles. It also familiarizes with political literacy, or essays addressing political and social issues. Highlighting the importance of incorporating unique writing styles, or characterization, based on identity.
My Afro-Colombian Community
Nathalia Melecio
WS 10000
Professor Meaks
February 11, 2024
Abstract:
The Community essay was meant to describe a specific community that we are part of. I decided to discuss the development of Afro-descendant communities in Colombian, and how their experiences led to a strong sense of community, navigating how unity was a tool for collective survival and well being, making an emphasis on cultural development and respective experiences, However I am still working on the integration of cultural practices.
OK, First. What does it mean to be Afro -Colombian? The word Afro stands for; Afro-descendant, meaning to be descended from African- Colombian slaves. The majority of black populations are located in the Pacific. I would visit family from my mothers side in La Costa, Valle del Cauca, where resides a small community, most people sustain themselves through agriculture, fishing and mining, there is a strong sense of shared identity, because of community time and functional relationships, where socio-cultural practices are reinforced in traditional celebrations through ethnic music, death ceremonies, and Afro-Caribbean gastronomy. Even though a lot of people might not be aware of the existence of black people in Colombia, and all around LATAM. African roots have a strong presence and cultural impact. In fact, the ‘shipment’ of slaves through The Atlantic Slave Trade was much popular in South America, specially Brazil. The introduction of slavery in Colombia first occurred in the 1520s, a product of the Spanish colonization; these were brought with the purpose to work on sugar plantations, mines , or to satisfy any need for labor and production. Which would later become ‘very reliable’, due the over exploitation, diseases (spanish-flu), and mistreatment of Indigenous people. Slaves would arrive at the Atlantic Coast, mostly at the popular Cartagena de Indias.
As well as the US, slaves were considered merchandise or property, they also encountered dehumanization conditions such as extensive hours of labor, extremely poor working conditions, and abuse. In Sugar plantations, like those located at Valle del Cauca, my birthplace; slaves were responsible for the harvest of cane sugar, the production of Aguardiente which is traditional and very characteristic Colombian liquor also derived from sugarcane, and Panela, which is a solid caramelized brown sugar paste that can be molded in different shapes, it’s usually semi-round or square. Its process, is actually quite detailed, the main and only ingredient its ‘guarapo’, which means Sugarcane juice, then it’s brought to very wide and hot pan , heated up until it reaches a rich-brown color and visible bubbles on the surface, carefully and slowly stirred with large 1 wooden spoon, which is about 40 min- 1 hour; family from my father side. Farmers, have dedicated to the production of panela, but also other products like corn and peanuts .In Colombian households panela is usually used to make ‘aguapanela’, agua-de-panela, which is typical hot colombian drink, consisted of boiled water and panela (disintegrated), usually accompanied by cinnamon, lime or ginger. Other responsibilities include the extraction of gold and emeralds in the Pacific.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the abolishment of slavery first sparked up by the upcoming desire for independence from Spanish colonialism in Latin America, the French revolution and the anti-slavery movements in Europe were considered to be also influential. Which would later on led to legislative progress;‘ Ley del 21 de Junio de 1821’, an act that decreed the freedom of children of slaves borned after that date. The permanent abolishment of slavery occurred in 1851, guaranteed by ‘La Ley de Abolición de Esclavitud’, conferring the freedom of all slaves. However, the integration of Afro-colombians into society was quite difficult, and poorly administered, the access to education, land, and economic development was very limited, along with racism and discrimination, that much so. It’s quite impactful still in modern society. Afro- Colombian communities still face challenges like high poverty rates, access to proper education, systematic racism, poor political representation and others. However when addressing black liberation in Colombia. Black women played a key role for the liberation of all negros.Throughout slavery, they would communicated within the community through braided hair, mostly with the purpose to create awareness for planning scapes or routes. The desired for freedom would be expressed through a hairstyle called ‘departes” meaning depart in English. Other hairstyles would describe some challenges that were encountered when trying to escape, bantu knots would represent mountainous areas, braids with curves, similar to 2 the shape of a worn, represented body waters, ‘tropas’ which means troops, thick cornrows represented the presence of soldiers along the way. Gold, rice and other grains were also hidden in tropas to assure survival after escaping and form free settlements known as Palanques.
The history of the Palenqueros
Throughout Black Colombian history more than 20 palanques were registered, yet only one of them is recognized, which is El Palenque de San Basilio, located in northern Colombia, more specifically in the department of Bolivar. The distribution of the African-Colombian population across the country was in accordance with the different regions and colonial settlements, making it quite unstable but wide, the population at the time was estimated to be 7.6% percent of the Colombian population, about 65,000 people during 1778. Cartagena counted with at least half of the Black population, 20% percent between cities like Popayan and Antioquia, 10% percent in Santa Martha. However in the Pacific, Afro-Colombians formed a greater proportion than the local population, for instance in the Choco-39% percent, Nrarino -38%, Tumaco- 63%, and Buenaventura- 70%. Even by taking in consideration the dispersion in distribution of Black population in the Pacific to the rest of Colombia, the phenom known as ‘cimarron’ was present in all colonies. The cimarronaje is the history of a series of continuous and bold rebellions by a deep inclination towards liberty among slaves, leading to a desperate call of action in exchange for freedom, even since the 1500s. Negros began to rebel and escape from Spanish colonies, resistance would be express through the use of weapons like bows, arrows and big sticks. Which was possible due to inner organization among slaves, forming groups and leaders that led to the foundation of pueblos palenqueros. The Spanish clap back consisted of the slaughter of Africans, burning down black towns in its entirety, then targeting those as a military objective, labeling communities as savages and ‘dangerous’ rebels. In 1693, a whole campaign was formed with the purpose to eliminate the existence of palenques, known as ‘aniquilamiento de palenques’, which was successful in communities located in Matudere and Betancourt, located in the department of Atlantico. El Choco was actually a palenque as well. In 1728 former slaves and cimarrones( about 100 people) founded the city, although they were all shot to death the same year by the militia.The previous events are the reason why at a governmental level only ONE palenque is recognized as such, San Basilio de Palenque; is what was left.
Because black identity itself, desires for freedom and rights to dignity have been a challenge for black populations in Colombia, as an act of resistance and perseverance a rich cultural identity developed as a result, where most populations relied in community work, service and resources despite facing systematic and eco-agriculture violence, along with conservation of African practices has been able to uplift Afro-Colombian communities.
In conclusion, throughout history Black communities of Colombian origin were able to persevere through a strong sense of resilience, pride, liberty and unity. Overcoming colonial-systemic racism and direct militarized oppression. Standing strong still in modern times pushing forwards for racial and economic equity
External/Academic Sources: https://encolombia.com/educacion-cultura/historia-colombia/esclavitud-en-colombia/#el-movimiento-abolicionista-en-colombia
– Slavery in Colombia https://www.todacolombia.com/etnias-de-colombia/afrocolombianos/cimarron.html
– Cimarronaje https://socioeconomia.univalle.edu.co/images/publicaciones/documentos_de_trabajo/2016_06_15_DOC_TRAB_N_043.pdf
– Afro populations in Colombia
Op- Ed : IS AI making us more dumb ?
Nathalia Melecio
WS 10200
Professor Meaks
March 7, 2025
Abstract:
When working on Rhetorical Analysis skill during the course, it involved writing an Op-Ed, an essay that is meant to eloquent on the author’s opinion about an issue, I decided to discuss the impacts of AI due this advanced technology was being incorporated pretty fast, especially in higher education settings, I edit some of the grammar and sentences, so the text would have a better word flow. However, I am still working on referencing the opinion of the professor and its impact in performative tasks.
For the past few years, AI innovation and technology has captivated the human race. It’s been a hot topic for a minute now, introduced right upon our faces, by our own devices or popular apps, advertisements, and tech-companies. Making it pretty accessible for the general public, everyone with a device connected to the net can interact with artificial intelligence whenever it’s for the experience, looking for improvement of performance, or searching for knowledge.. Etc.
However, is having access to a ‘know-it-all tool’ depriving us of brain exercising, the use of logic and reason?
It’s inevitable to wonder if having access to all types of information, and services.. It’s somehow affecting human cognitive capabilities but also performance itself as well. It seems that we could possibly be relying on AI whenever we are in need of new information or a thought provoking task, indirectly depriving ourselves to exercise critical thinking or cognitive abilities.
A recent study/research done among university students from China and Pakistan in relation to the impact of AI usage in educational settings; the data analysis confirms that AI has a significant influence on loss of human decision-making, directly reinforcing laziness. According to the studies (68.9%) of laziness in humans, and (27.7%) in the loss of decision making. Even though AI is very helpful in the academic realm wherever it is used for plagiarism detection, Exam Integrity, chatbots for Enrollment.. Etc. It’s quite ‘out of control’ due AI wide and anonymous usage, especially among students.
Which also raises concerns about the ethical use of artificial intelligence, when used by students, but its structure as well. AI is constantly accumulating information in order to improve its data and user experience, a‘black box’ of information, some of the challenges AI has proven to incorporated is intended discrimination, and bias outcome, which is concerning in the educational realm whenever ‘the content or what they’re providing is a high quality and isn’t AI hallucinations or a high content of misinformation’ . Creating a dispute between the learning process among students, by reinforcing stereotypes, an uneven distribution of educational opportunities and sources; potentially underlying ignorance between them, but also penalizing students whose ways of expression and writing styles are different from what AI has been trained to value or exercise from, then depriving students to thrive in their educational life from their own character, or unique contribution.
It is safe to infer that AI usage dismisses creativity and critical thinking, at the same time pacifying feelings of anxiety and insecurity among students, but especially those enrolled in higher education, due the amount of academic responsibilities, the complexity of these, and limited deadlines. Students might choose to rely on external sources to ease procrastination and feeling of incompetence. A study Hasebrook et al (2023) discovered that people were more likely to rely on technology when having a high workload, suggesting that AI usage could also be a coping mechanism for students who lack confidence within their own ideas or capacities, developing a harmful, disrupted relationship between students, educators and study material, directly affecting students capabilities to retain, and synthesis process of academic information.
One of the major aspects affected by this type of behavior is academic performance, along with the sensitivity of quality.This sensitivity includes the students’ awareness of the level of their education, throughout their academic journey; prioritizing quality and greatness. Students could overlook their conscious experience, due to the urge to fulfil these desires, and a good cumulative grade point average as well. Causing students to not be actively engaged with their education, strengthened by the absence of self-directed learning time, critical thinking, memory loss and others workable academic skills, reinforcing laziness. Resulting in the bad administration of external resources, AI assistance instead for the better understanding of the material and expansion of ideas, negatively affecting students academic performance.
This overlook of harmful overlapping attitudes, and unethical tendencies, could lead to a poor educational environment and outcomes, these AI conditions challenge the population to consider the impacts and effects of integrating AI into daily life, and different surroundings from a different angle. The real-world uses of AI, any unknown or adverse effects, and the circumstances and ways by which these happened. Experts suggested to direct attention on how these conditions display and design, especially when these are too broad and ineffective, in order to provide awareness of the best usage of technology, especially in learning environments boosting negative characteristics within the collective.
CUNY DATABASE SOURCES
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2927043384/fulltextPDF?accountid=26979&parentSessionId=ONzMugaqvceKqqNOERloiSRyI0tvf16KajiPeqSaOG8%3D&parentSessionId=imzlBfwmzjpIN%2FWndWeB2jV72ssUIF2eRYmZayomCZg%3D&pq-origsite=primo&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals – Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students Muhammad Abbas1*, Farooq Ahmed Jam2,3 and Tariq Iqbal Khan4
- Thinking responsibly about responsible AI and ‘the dark side’ of AI-Patrick Mikalef, Kieran Conboy, Jenny Eriksson Lundström & Aleš Popovič
https://methods-sagepub-com.central.ezproxy.cuny.edu/podcast/ai-in-higher-education-ethics-and-innovation – AI in Higher Education: Ethics and Innovation
EXTERNAL SOURCES:
-Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education
- Sayed Fayaz Ahmad, Heesup Han, Muhammad Mansoor Alam, Mohd. Khairul Rehmat, Muhammad Irshad, Marcelo Arraño-Muñoz & Antonio Ariza-Montes
Eight Bites-Motherhood relationship.
Nathalia Melecio
Professor Meaks
ENG 21001
March 13, 2025
‘Eight Bites’
Abstract:
This essay provides an analysis of a collection of story chapters of ‘Her Body and Other Parties’ by Maria Machado, on ‘ Eight Bites’ discusses how family relationships affect themes of eating disorders. I did not make a lot of changes besides word structure, to provide more of a direct tone. I would like to work on exploring how the struggle with body image and eating desired display through the relationship with her daughter.
Discuss what role motherhood plays within the short story. What is motherhood’s importance to the narrative, character, and theme within the short story and the collection as a whole?
This chapter displays the story of a woman who struggles with her body image, especially after giving birth; and failing to commit to a strict diet, as a solution she decides to rely on a medical procedure that would help with weight loss as a result. At the same time exploring her relationship with food, her body, and the pressures to conform to societal standards of beauty, furthermore reflecting on other topics, such as: body autonomy, self esteem, eating habits and family relationships.
Now, the first introduction of the repetitive phrase ‘eight bites’ occurs when the main character reflects back on her mothers eating habits. Stating that “She always said eight bites are all you need to get the sense of what you are eating.” Her mother’s comment mirrors where the protagonist initially picks up this specific eating habits, or ‘diet’ from. Making an emphasis on her mother’s figure, describing it as ‘normal ‘, revealing her early and unconscious development of beauty and body standards formed in early childhood. Now, the idea that eight bites are sufficient to experience or appreciate food suggests that the mother advocates for limitation over indulgence, reflecting her own insecurities and unhealthy practices. “Eight bites lined her stomach like insulation rolled into the walls of houses”. Drawing this focus on her mother, makes it safe to infer that her nutritional habits serve in a way to protect herself from her own feelings of shame or insecurity about her body, or from the emotional and psychological effects of social beauty standards. The mother’s struggle with her eating habits and body image may not be openly stated, but it is profoundly internalized, which is also reflected by her use of language trying to normalise and minimise her attitude with this type of dietary behaviour.
Additionally, encapsulating the protagonist’s deep inner conflict surrounding body image, family relationships, and identity. Where her mother’s unhealthy eating habits, caused by the desire to successfully appropriate beauty standards, then unwittingly establishing a standard for her daughters. Which is reinforced by the irony, by commenting that her body image (being fat), does not come from her mother. However, the self-conflict that emerges based on this discomfort from her body image, is inherited from her mother’s behavior towards her own body. This also reflects the internalized belief that most problems are directly focused on her body image as well. “I was not the first in my family to go through with it. My three sisters had gotten the procedure over the years,” The protagonist’s comment suggests that eating disorders are heavily embodied in all sisters by her mother’s habits and dialogue. By mentioning that all her sister had gone through the procedure before her, surfacing something that has been repeated across generations, this type of generation trauma. Embodying the normalisation of extreme measures for achieving a certain body standard. Based on one that 3 is rooted in societal beauty ideals by wanting to appear skinnier, mirroring again her mother’s own relationship with food and her body.
This is deeply further reinforced. By making the decision to perform surgery just like her other three sisters, effectively appropriating the family’s inner conflict with body image and societal standards. “I could not make eight bites work for my body and so I would make my body work for eight bites.” This phrase reveals her efforts to force her body into a certain standard or expectation, but failing to achieve it (the ‘diet’); a trait that originally was internalized by observing her mother’s practices. Appropriating this idea that she must change herself to be or feel satisfied somehow. Revealing an illusion of comfort and happiness, simultaneously revealing low self esteem, unhealthy backgrounds with food and body image, and issues with body autonomy within family relationships.
This chapter reveals the deep tension between personal identity, bodily autonomy, and external expectations. within family relationships, navigating in depth idealized female bodies, and unrealistic beauty standards that women often struggle and face, especially after giving birth, lacking self worth and creating these feelings of unworthiness and unfulfillment.
Salsa, a movement
Nathalia Melecio
April 29th, 2024
Professor Meaks
ENGL 20100
Abstract:
My course was given the opportunity to write about a conference paper abut any topic, I decide to write about Salsa, because i really listening to Salsa music, and watch Salsa performances, exploring Salsa captivating presence in Latin American culture and African roots, embedding Black History, Struggle and Pride, I did not make major changes, since I am satisfied with my work I am still working on the incorporation of personal experience or interaction with Salsa music and culture.
Since this essay explores the development and impact of Salsa, it’s important to begin with a detention. Salsa is a vibrant fusion of Afro- Cuban rhythms, jazz influences and Puerto Rican musical styles. It’s characterized by fast tempos, the clave rhythm, and instruments like congas, trumpets and bongos.
As an Afro- Colombian woman, Salsa has been essential to my Latin Spirit, cultural identity and African heritage. This connection drives my need to understand the history of its roots. Salsa’s vibrant fusion of African rhythms and Latin traditions is not only a jugular experience but a powerful testament to the resilience and struggle of Afro-Latin communities throughout history and culture.
The rhythm and movement of salsa are deeply influenced by African musical identity, through specific rhythms such as clave , which is a percussion instrument and a rhythmic figure which origins in Africa, then manifested in Afro- Cuban music reflecting the connection between the African roots, which is the tempo centeredness of this genre. Salsa has become as medium for embracing and reclaim African identity, which was compromise through the colonialism era and slave trade. However the sense of pride and ownership over salsa dance is rooted in the recognition that its musical patterns, rhythms and movements reflect African cultural elements that were carried across the Atlantic during slave trade in the 1600s.Carwile (2017) draws attentions to the fact that flow of salsa, with its strong embodiment of clave, directly links the genre to West African traditions, which polyrhythms and tempo are parallel to salsa’s structure, echoing Yoruba’s people musical patterns; the largest ethnic group in the region and tribe that was forcibly taking and spread into the Americas.
Development of Salsa in the Caribbean- The Beginning
Salsa as we know it today, first emerged in the Caribbean in the island counties of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the early 20th century. The emergence of salsa was greatly influenced by the Cuban musical style known as son, which combines Spanish and Afro-Cuban rhythms. More sophisticated rhythms and instruments were eventually added into this genre, particularly as a result of the popularity of jazz and band in the US through the 1940s and 1950s , which led to development of Latin jazz and then into Salsa. However, it is essential to recognize the European and Indigenous influences and formation in Salsa, and that it is not purely an African manifestation, but also the meeting of Indigenous melodies and European harmonic structures, the fusion of this musical tradition gave birth to Salsa in Puerto Rico and Cuba. Arseinio Rodrigues, a blind Cuban musician known as ‘the God of Salsa’, ‘the original pioneer’, ‘the blind genius’, through his Cajunto dance band, he revolutionized Cuban music introducing congas, piano and bass, laying the foundation of modern salsa.
Salsa and New York City, a melting pot
New York City was crucial to the development of Salsa in the mid 20th century growth of salsa. In the 1940s and 1950s, a large number of Latin American artists, mostly from Puerto Rico immigrated to New York to become musicians and to support their families back home, such as Johnny Pacheco, and Hector Lavoe, bringing a taste from Puerto Rico with them. Their performances started fusing Cuban rhythms with American Jazz and Latino swing in New York, leading to a whole, soul-touching movement across Latinos, which is how Salsa became what it is today. Because of this Urban, multicultural setting. The phenomenon is a result of the proximity between African Americans and Latinos in Harlem, a melting pot, leading to a cultural exchange and new musical, artistic expressions. The influence of R & B and Rock & Roll and the combination of Latin rhythms including the horns led to Boogaloo; the melodies of Harlem. A popular success among marginalized clubs among Puerto Ricans and black communities, the actual base of Salsa. Artists such as Johnny Pacheco and Fania Records who ultimately elevated the genre, amplifying Afro-Latin voices like Johnny Pacheco himself, Celia Cruz, Willie Colon, Hector Lavoe, Pete Rodriguez, Ismael Rivera Ruben Blades..etc. The presence and contribution of this musician was culminating and revolutionary for the genre, along with the identity of latinos, establishing a strong, passionate and sazon to our presence. For instance, their album cover of “The Big Break– La Gran Fuga,” a 1970 album featuring vocalist Hector Lavoe and bandleader Mr.Colon, whose songs have been controversially charged for decades. “Willie Colon and Hector Lavoe have been known to kill people without provocation with their exciting rhythm,” the parody of an FBI poster, initially inspired from the Black Panthers Party, mocking stereotypes.
The combination of Puerto Rican and Afro-Cuban rhythms was quite intense, Celia Cruz was characterized by her powerful voice which definitely communicated the essence of African heritage, Celia Cruz was the embodiment of Salsa itself. Hector Lavoe, a native Puerto Rican, one of the most preferred among the public was characterized by his poetic and creative contribution through his lyrics, tone and musical arrangement. Plena and Bomba Puerto Rican rhythms, Jazz piano, Brass melodies, along with some Rock influence, and Afro-Cuban rhythms, ‘ a new york sound’. Which was often mistaken with Cha cha, Mambo or guaracho, so it was given the name of Salsa, borned in the discotecas of New York City.
Salsa, an artistic expression, became a form of cultural and political expression, specially in Latin America, it started around the 1960s and 1970s, Salsa was used to articulate the struggles of Afro-descent communities in Latin America, which were often oppressed and excluded from mainstream cultural media, as well as to claim their cultural identity in the face of colonialism, imperialism and the authoritarian regimes, through reclaiming their African heritage, expressing resistance to the Eurocentric norms. Through the African rhythms and lyrics, salsa has not only been music and dance, but also a vehicle and visibility in society for the marginalization of Black populations.
When they (some) emigrated to cities like New York, carried with them not only the burdens of their own, but also vibrant cultural practices, and its rhythm echoed the struggles of these communities as they dealt with racism, discrimination, and economic inequality
Salsa’s lyrical context is forensic tied directly to the experiences of Afro-descend of Afro-descendant communities, articulating socio-economic issue faced by communities, such as urban poverty, systemic racism, inequality and labor exploitation reflected on song like “Plástico” by Ruben Blades, and Willie Colons “Calle Luna, Calle Sol”, which discuss the way Afro populations are economically marginalized and political excluded, for instance “Plástico”, critiques the superficially and classism of the elite, “Calle Luna, Calle Sol” refers to insecurity, and delinquency within communities as a result of economic disparity. ‘Plantacion Adentro’ another salsa song by this iconic duo, approaches the general depiction of life and reference to the deplorables work conditions in plantations, making a truthful allusion to these stories that are manipulated through a imperialistic narrative heavily embodies in contemporary society, reflected on lines like ‘It’s where the truth is learned Camilo Manrique died By the beatings dealt by the overseer And was buried without mourning – an indian.’
Other great example is “La Perla,” by Ismael Rivera an Afro-Puerto Rican singer of the salsa genre, honoring it, a historically marginalized neighbood in San Juan, Puerto Rico illustrating struggles of poverty and socio-political exclusion, lines like ‘La Perla calla su tristeza’ captures the suffering caused systematic oppression and colonialism impacts reflecting inequality, La perla was originally a segregated zone for formerly enslaved people and laborers, isolated from San Juan’s elite white population, echoing the racialization of communities in puerto rican result of capitalist practices, the song overall blends a legacy of historical oppression and afro-caribbean pride and harmonious heritage due its cultural richness and dignity.
“Las Caras lindas de Mi Gente Negra’ ( the beautiful faces of my black people), another composition by Ismael Rivera, its a raw tribute to Blackness and its beautiful legacy and heritage in LATAM and the Caribbean. Line such as ‘… Las caras lindas de mi raza prieta Tienen de llanto, de pena y dolor Son las verdades que la vida reta Pero que llevan dentro mucho amor’, which translate to ‘the beautiful faces of my dark-skinned race, hold tears, sorrow and pain They are the truths that life challenges But within, they carry so much love’ making references to the ongoing struggle that Afro- descendants have had to endure since the 1600s, relating the kidnapping and slavement of African ancestors, and its continuous oppression through discriminative dynamics and establishment of socio-economic class, racial capitalism and social prejudice.
Which led to the movement, the sub-genre of “ Salsa consciente” Conscious salsa, characterized for its lyrical content, which is a critic reference for social, cultural and political subjects in accordance with Latin American identity, experiences and thoughtful perspective; Salsa’s rise coincided with the burgeoning political consciousness of Afro-descended and Latino communities in New York, within the context of social and racial justice, a means for political engagement. Slaseros fueled this phenomenon in their music and lyrical visibility ,aiming for messages of decolonization and empowerment among the marginalized.
It’s is important to recognize the parallel relationships between Salsa music and political activism, as a result of the Civil Rights movement era, and how groups like Fania records used their platform to speak against racial injustice, actively advocating for social, economic and political rights, salsa musicians used their songs to protest the conditions faced by the Afro- descended and Latino working class, confronting systematic inequality. Through their music, these artists became part of the larger struggle for civil rights and social justice, using the language of rhythm and melodies as powerful tools for resistance. It was through Salsa that many Latinos and African descendants were able to share their stories, and became involved in a broader dialogue about identity,race and resistance.
However, after the commercialization of the genre, entering mainstream markets and transcending to a ‘spectacle’ or seem as entertaining, downplaying its roots in blackness and Afro- Latin history, struggle and resilience, entering a capitalist environment, where it was often associated with glamour, fashion, bling, and partying, consumed in an unethical way, by only acknowledging its value through its commercial consumption.
Cali, Colombia- the worldwide known capital of salsa
The culture of Salsa in Colombia is extremely captivating, and the reason for it , it’s the people. Caleños are inherently passionate and vibrant, providing that unique Colombian essence. Cali is where Salsa is best danced to, and appreciated. Salsa caleña has also served as a tool for resistance and black pride. We can see that reflected on some compositions from Grupo Niche, one of the most popular bands of traditional salsa music, song “Han Cogido la Cosa,” reflects racial stereotypes against Black populations in Colombia, Blanco corriendo, atleta, negro corriendo, ratero” translates to “White running, athlete; Black running, thief,” illustrating how Black people are often unfairly associated with criminality, and prejudice. This comparison underscores the racial biases that persist in society. Other illustrations for the social violence is seen in lines like “Que trabajar no lo hizo Dios para mi” ( God did not make work for me) reflect the systemic barriers that limit economic batteries for Black individuals, and harmful racial stereotypes originated from slavery. Despite these challenges, the song emphasizes the pride in Afro-Colombian heritage. The lyrics “Que yo soy prieto, que soy carabalí, pero orgulloso me siento yo así” (“I am dark-skinned, I am Carabalí, but I feel proud this way”) highlighting a strong sense of identity and pride in one’s roots. This assertion counters the negative stereotypes and celebrates Afro-Colombian culture.
Another popular and most influential musician and compositor for tropical Salsa in Colombia is Joe Arroyo, from Cartagena de Indias. He wrote one of the most popular and legendary salsa anthem in the country, named “Rebelion,” meaning -rebellion- it’s about a recount of slaves rebellion against their oppressors, inspired by the resilience and the movement of cimarronaje from African- colombian slaves at the time. It tells the story of a African slave in colonial Caratgena who revolts after his wife is beaten by a Spanish slaver, the line ‘No le pegue a la negra’ captures the core of resistance and dignity, then forming a collective rebellion among most slaves , furthering reflecting on class struggle relating Afro-Colombian history, and deep desired for freedom and dignity. The song later became a national symbol of Afro- Colombian pride and resistance embodying class consciousness.
Salsa from the late 20th century was quite characteristic and revolutionary compared to modern salsa music, even early adaptations, such as ‘Baile Inolvidable’ by the Puerto Rican artist Bad Bunny released in January of this year is not quite representative of the struggles of marginalized communities in Latin America. Though his album does have a political conscious approach towards the exploitation of resources and modern colonialism through tourism in the island; general modern salsa has had a poor approach and presence since then.
In conclusion, the Salsa phenomenon has played a crucial role in the lives of Afro-descendant and Latino communities, emphasizing how the genre was used as both an artistic expression and a form of resistance. Through its socio-economic themes, political engagement, and celebration of of Afro-descendent and Latino culture, salsa became a key tool to navigate and elaborated the struggles faced by marginalized communities; and the profound significance of Salsa as a cultural expression that transcends entertainment to become a form of political activism, identity expression, and solidarity. It is through the lens of Salsa to be understood not only as music, but a powerful source for social change.
Sources
Carwile, C. (2017). “The Clave Comes Home”: Salsa Dance and Pan-African Identity in Ghana. Cambridge University Press. https://www-cambridge-org.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/clave-comes-home-salsa-dance-and-panafrican-identity-in-ghana/43ADD4E3675CDFAF393E3ED9B3F78A12
‘A Little Bling, a Little Politics, a Lot of Salsa’ by John Pereles- June 16, 2017 & García, Cindy. Salsa Crossings: Dancing Latinidad in Los Angeles. Duke University Press, 2013.
Torres, Andrés. “Latino New York: An Introduction.” NACLA Report on the Americas, vol. 46, no. 1, 2013
Documentary
History of Latin Music – The Salsa Revolution (part 2), by Revolucion del Cuerpo, 2015
Nathalia Melecio
February 09, 2024
Professor Mikes
ENG 21001
Colin Dickey’s Chapter Blog Post
My favorite quote from the reading, Ghostland , Chapter 6 was, ‘In 1821 Jefferson lamented that “we have the wolf by the ears, and we can’t neither hold him, nor safely let him go”. Even though the author emphasizes, the quote reflects a fear from Black rebellion, at the same invoking awareness among White people involved on slave trade or slavery directly. I think it also illustrates more of this white belief perseverance, throughout slavery, in which the White society is forced to come up with a false narrative to justify the clear mistreatment, humiliation and the violation of essential human rights against Africans, African-American slaves but essentially people, especially when calling themselves Christians. The fact that till this day Thomas Jefferson it’s consider a thinker, who professed about the ideas of naturals/ unalienable rights, even invoking other thinkers such as, John Lock, But to also be considered a walking contradiction by being a slave owner, i personally find it very interesting because it also embodies the hypocrisy within the foundation of the United States, and pretty much most of its history, advocating for deep desires of liberty, freedom independence for Great Britain at the time, but having to stand by un-human practices to finance their independence and so called ‘liberty’, not limited to slavery but also its tendencies towards imperialism and colonialism- a raw expression of white supremacy.
Throughout the reading of this chapter, something I also enjoyed is that it demonstrates; that in order to give visualization to black stories and struggles, it is necessary to give up white comfort/pride. Later on addressed at the end of the reading, when the author explains how stories can be change or distorted based on who is narrating them, in accordance with their identity.
Blog Post for Community Essay
Nathalia Melecio
WS 10000
Professor Meaks
February 13, 2024
The idea of writing towards a specific community that I was part of, was quite challenging in the beginning, due to the fact that I personally don’t have a strong rooted connection to any other community besides the Black community. Despite the fact I have diverse interests and hobbies. I believe that my identity as a black woman has a great impact on major aspects of my life ,such as socio-economic status, cultural stereotypes, representation and visibility.. Etc, characteristics that are pretty relatable to among black people, develops indeed a sense of community. However the Black community itself is a very broad concept, because of the diverse geographical location across the globe, and socio-cultural circumstances. Which is the reason why I particularly wrote about the Afro-Colombian community.
When it comes to writing, exploring and including most of my thoughts it’s very helpful, it creates this constant revision of direction,and word usage as well, at the same time evoking a sense of creating writing; however it could be coathic, or just a lot of information to digest sometimes, but just like most writing process and narrowing down and establishing a clear connection between ideas is essential.
I did not have the opportunity to receive feedback or realize peer workshop, to work for the betterment of my writing based on others opinion or suggestions, but popular practices among my peers like reading out loud my essay to make sure i did not overlook mistakes, paying attention to my tone as i read to make sure i was being coherent, which was the only tool that was put in practice for the community essay.
It took me 3 days to write my community essay. I dedicated about 5 hours in average per day writing my essay, i had a lot of progress when the first draft was due, probably because I work better under pressure, specially when it comes to writing, some of my difficulties, specially when starting were very broad concepts such as the history of slavery, the cultural impact in Colombia brought by African-Colombians, and the current socio-economic state of black society, and how the legacy of racism, colorism develops quite different in third world countries. If i would’ve had more time when constructing my essay, i would have dedicated more time, and detailed establishing an explicit connection between ideas, and concepts through a shorter text.
My favorite part of this particular essay was how informative it was, acknowledging the history and foundation of black communities in Latin America, specially in Colombia, in order to understand how slavery was experienced in South America, also providing an understatement on the struggles of marginalized communities faced in ‘developing’ countries. At the same time emphasizing the determination of African-Colombian slaves to free themselves through a well built strong sense community.
Another of my most pleasant experiences was narrating the different tasks or labour that slaves would perform in Sugar Plantations in Valle del Cauca, because some of this practice is pretty much rooted in the community. The production of guarapo and panela are still practiced among my family, and the fact that I witnessed and performed this work myself , was a beautiful way to reconnect with my ancestors besides the negative context.
-A visual representation of the extraction of sugar cane juice, guarapo, done by slaves.
Blog Post:The Husband Stitch- Her Body and Other Parts By Maria Machado
Nathalia Melecio
ENG 21001
Professor Meaks
April 27, 2025
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What are the implications, significance and or symbolism around the ribbon?
Something that stands out about the story relating to the ribbon besides being a reference to another story tale, it’s the main character stating her boundaries, where the ribbon is off limits, claiming it as part of her privacy.”Tell me about your ribbon,” he says.
“There’s nothing to tell. It’s my ribbon.” Something that she clearly wants to keep for herself; symbolizing a sense of ownership and safeness. Which the husband fails to respect by being persistent and curios about it, which reveals one of the main feminist approach in this story, relating to gender relationships from a patraical perspective, as well as the societal violence due misogynistic beliefs embodied in marriage, motherhood and womanhood in general, not through the personification of women in society, but the objectification of these, the husband attitudes reflects the ‘ideal’ total control and ownership specially over women’s body, but others aspects such as emotions and thoughts as well;. Where women are expected to be transparent, submissive and ultimately under male control.
Another manifestation of this phenomenon is where the wife describes her husband as “a good man… but yet,” along with the story’s narrative where to some extent projects the husband as a good guy, not a monster, possibly a caring father, revealing how this misogynistic systems are deeply embodied in societal and personal relationship dynamics, therefore normalized; and how outside of the this structure the identity and autonomy of women are quite fragile, where most acts of resistance and determination are always threatened, diminished and challenged; due patriarchal systems that consume, police and ultimately erase women, which is represented in the end of the story where the husband unties the ribbon and the wife dies- referring to the general crossing of boundaries, unravelling and the silencing process surrounding womanhood.
Blog Post reflection on ‘Inventory’
Nathalia Melecio
ENL 21001
Professor Meaks
March 16, 2025
What’s the purpose of telling this collection of stories ?
Through the chapter, the author introduces this collection of intimate stories by narrating earlier sexual experiences, providing an introduction of the characters sexual life, encountering lovers, and strangers…As the story develops, the conversation of a ‘disease’ starts to surface, at the end of the chapter, this illness takes away one of their partners, which is also the last one to be introduce. Now, there are two things in particular I find very interesting about this collection, which is the use of language and the mysteriousness between the significance of this pandemic.
Looking at the particular use of language when addressing casual relationships and sex, it’s pretty brief and explicit, almost objective like careless, which is emphasized by its title. However the collective thought of sex, invokes excitement and curiosity, which seems to be reciprocated by the flow of the first stories. But when articulation about sex in the characters adulthood, the diverse outcomes of these experiences, are not quite expected by the reader, which could lead to disappointment, when people often write about sex stories, there is a lot of detail, fiction and fantasy around it, the protagonist’s story challenges that, by bringing up the reality of casual sexual encounters, or women’s sex life.
The illness in the story acts as a metaphor for human contact, connection, and intimacy, with a focus on isolation whenever it is emotional or physical. As the story progresses, both the number of encounters and the presence of the disease increase. The final partner seems to have a special relationship with the protagonist, and it appears that as she grows closer to someone, the significance of the pandemic becomes more pronounced. The deeper the connection, the more the threat of the disease presents itself, highlighting the tension between the desire for intimacy and the fear of the inevitable risk and vulnerability that comes with it.
Blog Post reflecting on ‘Eight Bites’.
Nathalia Melecio
Professor Meaks
ENG 21001
March 12, 2025
What does the title ‘Eight bites’ means or symbolizes, along with its repetition in the story?
The introduction of this phrase in the text, first occurs when the protagonist mentions her mother’s eating habits, commenting that she used to always take eight bites from her plate, making an emphasis on her normal figure. A behavior that she is trying to implement, because of the discomfort of her size. Through the reading she reflects on having a toxic relationship with food, by finding herself hungry after eight bites, her inability to keep up with the diet causes her frustration, and negative self talk. The repetition of “eight bites” may symbolize a cyclical process. In the context of the story, the protagonist appears to be caught in a loop of re-experiencing trauma, desire, or conflict. First developed in early childhood by witnessing and later appropriating her mother’s eating disorder, then establishing standards for body image.’After, I finished what was in the pot on the stove and I was so angry I began to cry’.
Now, this dilemma seems to be rooted in unhappiness with her body image. Which makes her rely on surgery; surgery that all her sisters have done. Her changing body becomes a battleground for her identity, Which creates a void, and surfaces issues within herself, which she pretends to be satisfied by losing weight through this medical procedure, ‘finally’ coming back to her old self/body before giving birth. However this discomfort is produce by other factors.The protagonist’s dissatisfaction with her body is, in part, driven by her perception of her sister’s body and life, reflecting generational trauma, at the same time mirroring her insecurities, by acknowledging their ‘acceptable’ figure based in social standards, good relationships with their daughter, and also their happiness in general, their own perception, in which they are described throughout the story as happy and satisfied. Which creates this type of standard and pressure to align her physical appearance with them, to achieve a better inner and outer self-concept, an illusion of comfort. “Will I ever be done, transformed in the past tense, or will I always be transforming, better and better until I die?.” This question suggest the possibility of an unending, maybe unachievable pursuit for perfection or progress. It illustrates how the main character is caught in a never-ending loop of trying to improve herself—both physically and in terms of her sense of value—and is uncertain of whether she will ever find happiness or closure.
This narrative becomes a way of understanding how identity problems and body dissatisfaction are frequently inherited, sustaining cycles of trauma, insecurity, struggle, and socially constructed beauty standards. The story implies that body image dissatisfaction is a deeply rooted and frequently repetitive issue by illustrating the complexity of these.
Blog Post about Op-Ed
Nathalia Melecio
May 12th, 2025
ENG 21001
Professor Meaks
For this assignment, I wanted to write about the impacts of AI, the relationship and integration that has developed the last few years with this upcoming AI technology and the human race. I wanted to explore feelings, emotions, the thought process when interacting, or relying on this set of technologies, and whenever it was helpful, harmful, safe, inoffensive or potentially dangerous, focusing on the education realm. My first thought or conclusion that motivated me writing this essay was that, whenever people find themselves being curious, or confused or in need of knowledge, the reach to artificial intelligence, a ‘know-it-all tool’, provides and explores most possible outcomes.
It took me a long time to write the essay, I found it difficult to approach and support the main claim, because my subject was pretty broad, which took me to focus on educational environments. My claim was that AI was negatively affecting students’ educational journey, especially those in higher education, reinforcing laziness and loss in human decision, depriving students of cognitive abilities and development. Trying to address the dangers that come with AI, when seeking information that could possibly be biased, and harmful. With the specific effects that has on human performance in educational environments, this type of association was quite hard to connect in an effective and coherent way.
I found it really interesting to talk about this topic, because when living in an advanced society where technology is strongly embodied with everyday life, I wonder how we are exactly evolving and changing with advanced technology as well. Do we really comprehend AI’s nature, in a way that can be beneficial to us?. Especially when looking and its impact on brain performance. About my writing, I really liked the flow and use of evidence. I personally found it very objective, and clear, easy to break down and understand for readers.
Something that I would change from my essay, if I would’ve had more time, it would be the structure and arrangement of information and personal conclusions, connections. In a way that could be more correlated, even though I do acknowledge that my resources usage was good, it could’ve been better by being more precise. Also, I would have liked to go in depth more about how the usage of AI in higher education settings affects teachers, and their interactions with students, or possible testimonies, experiences from teachers addressing the relationship between students’ academic outcomes and Artificial intelligence. Another tool that could have helped to improve my writing is peer workshop, however I did not have the opportunity to receive feedback from other students.
What I hope to improve about my writing is the general arrangement of information as the flow of the reading changes, by addressing different characteristics of the same claim. In such a way it can be easy to digest for the public. Something I wish to keep about my writing style is the diverse perceptions when approaching a specific claim, or different factors that contributed to the totality of that claim.
Blog Post: Reflection on In-Class Essay and Associated Assignments
Nathalia Melecio
March 19, 2025
ENGL 21001
Professor Meaks
To prepare for the exam, I re-read carefully the one chapter I was focusing on, to get a broad understanding, and be able to draw more clear correlations, and comprehend better the use of metaphors and symbolism. Then, I include four quotes that were more representative and effective for my claim, and the main topic which was motherhood. To improve my analysis, I wrote down a couple main points that I planned to include in my introduction and conclusion, phrases that were correlated with the theme in body paragraphs, and other key points to draw connections between paragraphs as well. such as: trauma, family relationships/dynamics, unhealthy tendencies..etc.
Once I had the structure for my essay, and stated my main insights, the continuation of my writing process in class was a bit difficult, writing for me is not a spontaneous process. I can’t force myself to write or be fluid and consistent when writing , I would prefer to let the ideas come to my mind, or let motivation take over me, so having a very short deadline, and an assigned time period, it’s definitely overwhelming and not very productive according to my personal style of writing. But overall, I was able to accomplish most of my goals. I forgot to provide context between my quotes, however I was satisfied with my ultimate performance.
A way my writing could improve, when having an in-class essay, could be by working on my adaptation to these types of specific assignments, when having to write a long text with a limited amount of time, to cease the overwhelming feelings, improving my organizational skills is key. By outlining my main ideas and creating a clear structure before I start writing, I can stay focused and ensure my essay flows logically. This way I could successfully avoid stress , allow for a more efficient writing process, at the same time producing a cohesive, well-organized essay under pressure; In the future, I hope to work on finding ways to manage my writing process more effectively, especially when it comes to in-class essays. Since writing doesn’t come spontaneously to me and I often struggle with forcing myself to write or being consistent under tight deadlines. I would like to work on developing strategies that allow for more flexibility in my approach. I aim to find a balance between meeting deadlines and allowing space for creativity and thought development, therefore I can write in a way that feels less overwhelming and more aligned with my personal style.
I personally find the group discussions very interesting, by the fact that everybody has a unique contribution based on their distinct ways of processing, and producing information shaped by their persona, life experiences, and arranged ways of thinking. I really enjoy listening to every single one of my peers; their thoughts definitely allow me to understand the text from a different perspective, developing a better understanding of the text’s structure, including use of language, metaphors, symbolism and other writing strategies.
Blog post about an album
Nathalia Melecio
Professor Meaks
April 21, 2025
ENGL 20101
“all eyez on me” by Tupac Shakur
All Eyez on Me, it’s one of my favorite albums from all times in the hip hop/rap genre, Which is one of Tupac’s most iconic albums, known for its raw expression towards street life, ambition and resilience; echoing gangster consciousness in the political and social realm.
Something quite special about this album, its illustration and visibility of the ghetto life, the struggles of the hood and its dynamics, giving an insight on the complexity of racial struggle among the Black community, throughout his tracks.
One of my favorite songs “Tradin’ War Stories” and “Only God can Judge Me”, tracks recorded shortly after Tupac was released from jail; reflecting the flaws of incarceration systems as inherently racist and unjust. In addition, revealing how trauma, violence and criminalization shaped systematic oppression. In his lyrical composition in “Tradin War Stories”, *’We tradin’ war stories, we Outlawz on the rise /Jealous niggas I despise, look in my eyes’*, part of the song’s chorus. Calling themselves ‘outlaws’, reflects the intertwined relationship of rebellion and alienation from a system that criminalizes them. Tupac emphasizes that their reality isn’t just about lawlessness, but being pushed outside the bonds of legal and social protection because of racial and social factors. Or lyrics like *‘And now I’m sittin’, holdin’ in anger because my parents missin‘*,and *‘Never gave a fuck ’cause I was nobody’s daughter‘*- exposing one of the major concerts in the Black community, which is the absence of parental figures, providing some context about this phenomenon, and how its a result of the mass incarceration of black men, death by gun violence, and drug-related struggles like the crack epidemic in the 80s and its imprisonment; Angela Davis and Michalle Alexander both argued that mass incarceration embodies slavery and Jim Crown institutional practices, as a new from of social control, breaking apart Black families under the guise of law of order, reinforcing the cycle of welfare and abuse toward this community.
In the track, “Only God can Judge me”. Which manifests as a direct challenge to the authority of court, police, judicial systems and society at large, recognizing divine justice as the only true justice, critiquing how the system is fundamentally corrupt,and racist, emphasizing how the lack of moral authority and compassion are directly oppressing and hypocrite towards the Black community. A perfect reflection of this is: *‘No more hesitation, each and every black male’s trapped /And they wonder why we suicidal running ’round strapped.’* Through this phrase Tupac opens the conversation about cycles of poverty, policing, and the general persecution and criminalization of black men and youth, exposing the psychological impact of this harmful environment, and urgent sense of survival. *’And all my memories of seein’ brothers bleed/ And everybody grieves, but still nobody sees‘*, this sentence illustrates how welfare in marginalized communities is frequently overlooked, but quite objective by the government, media, states- and characterized this communities by their lawless tendencies, creating a sense of isolation and hopelessness within the community through the death loved ones, being forced to grow up too fast, and trying to make sense of a life shaped by pain.
In conclusion some tracks of the album ‘all eyez on me’ by Tupac Shakur, a New Yorker rapper, and socialist activist, involved with the Black Panthers party, provide an accurate artistic illustration of the social and political warfare, and unfiltered visibility of ghetto life, leading to social consciousness.
https://genius.com/2pac-tradin-war-stories-lyrics – Tradin’ War Stories
https://genius.com/2pac-only-god-can-judge-me-lyrics – Only God Can Judge Me
Feb, 13, 1996
